Is a type of drug that induces a soothing

#IS A TYPE OF DRUG THAT INDUCES A SOOTHING SKIN#
#IS A TYPE OF DRUG THAT INDUCES A SOOTHING SERIES#
#IS A TYPE OF DRUG THAT INDUCES A SOOTHING FREE#

#IS A TYPE OF DRUG THAT INDUCES A SOOTHING SKIN#

Adverse effects can range from minor reactions, such as dizziness or skin reactions, to serious and even fatal effects. No drug is wholly nontoxic or completely safe. Similar measurements can be used as a rough estimate of drug toxicity, the result being expressed as the median lethal dose ( LD 50), which is defined as the dose causing mortality in 50 percent of a group of animals. Sometimes the response is measured in terms of the proportion of individuals in a sample population that show a given all-or-nothing response (e.g., loss of reaction to a painful stimulus or appearance of convulsions) rather than as a continuously graded response as such, the ED 50 represents the dose that causes 50 percent of a sample population to respond. ED 50 values provide a useful way of comparing the potencies of drugs that produce physiologically similar effects at different concentrations. A useful measure is the median effective dose, ED 50, which is defined as the dose producing a response that is 50 percent of the maximum obtainable. The effect produced by a drug varies with the concentration that is present at its site of action and usually approaches a maximum value beyond which a further increase in concentration is no more effective.

#IS A TYPE OF DRUG THAT INDUCES A SOOTHING FREE#

Regulation of the concentration of free calcium ions is important because, like cAMP, calcium ions control many cellular functions. This substance in turn releases calcium from intracellular stores, thus raising the free calcium ion concentration. A second receptor-controlled enzyme is phosphodiesterase, which catalyzes the cleavage of a membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol, releasing the intracellular messenger inositol triphosphate. One of these enzymes is adenylate cyclase, which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP) within the cell to cAMP, which in turn binds to and activates intracellular enzymes that catalyze the attachment of phosphate groups to other functional proteins these may be involved in a wide variety of intracellular processes, such as muscle contraction, cell division, and membrane permeability to ions. The receptor may control calcium influx through the outer cell membrane, thereby altering the concentration of free calcium ions within the cell, or it may control the catalytic ( catalysis) activity of one or more membrane-bound enzymes.

#IS A TYPE OF DRUG THAT INDUCES A SOOTHING SERIES#

In type 2 mechanisms, chemical reactions that take place within the cell trigger a series of responses. See also drug resistance pharmacology pharmacy. Many illegal drugs also have medical uses (see cocaine heroin drug addiction). Drugs must be not only effective but safe side effects can range from minor to dangerous (see drug poisoning). Synthetic versions of natural drugs led to design of drugs based on chemical structure. The oldest existing catalogue of drugs is a stone tablet from ancient Babylonia (СЃ 1700 BC) the modern drug era began when antibiotics were discovered in 1928. Drugs may be given by mouth, by injection, by inhalation, rectally, or through the skin. A drug must bind with receptors in or on cells and cannot work if the receptors are absent or its configuration does not fit theirs. Drugs may protect against attacking organisms (by killing them, stopping them from reproducing, or blocking their effects on the host), substitute for a missing or defective substance in the body, or interrupt an abnormal process. Others, including laxatives, heart stimulants, anticoagulants, diuretics, and antihistamines, act on specific systems. Some, including antibiotics, stimulants, tranquilizers, antidepressants, analgesics, narcotics, and hormones, have generalized effects.

Is a type of drug that induces a soothing